These proteins are within the plasma membrane of a cell.
Signaling molecules called ligands attach to these proteins.
The receptor protein goes through the cell membrane and is attached to a signal protein on the inside of the cell.
These proteins act as receptors for chemical messengers from other cells.
The receptor protein's shape in the cell membrane matches the shape of a specific messenger or ligand.
Signal transduction is when the messenger links with the receptor and triggers a chain reaction within the cell. Finally, the message gets a molecule that preforms a specific activity inside the cell.
The protein receptor receives a messenger protein and then produces an activated molecule that the protein sends out.
Hormones
Hormones can only bind to receptors that match the hormone's shape.
The receptor protein binds with a specific hormone molecule which activates it.
Once the hormone attaches to the cell, the shape of the cell changes.
The receptor protein changes then makes a change or changes within the cell.
Signal transduction pathway is initiated which carries out the function of the hormone.
A final cellular protein activates a protein that carries out the cell's response, either in the cytoplasm or the nucleus.
Hormones binding to receptors
RESEARCH
Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and his team discovered that a specific receptor guides the HIV virus to the intestines. There, the virus replicates and destroys the body's lymph tissue. They found that a molecule that normally directs immune cells to the intestine, also is a receptor for HIV. Fauci and his team discovered that a protein on the outer shell of the HIV virus attaches to the receptor molecule identified as integrin alpha-4 beta-7. Dr. Warner C. Green, an AIDS expert at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology in San Francisco, deemed that these findings were "an important advance in the field" because "they begin to shed light on the mysterious process on why the virus preferentially grows in the gut."
Researchers at the National Institute of General Medical Sciences have created the first 3D image of the beta2-adrenergic receptor protein. This protein receptor belongs to a family of proteins called G protein-coupled receptors that control several human senses, critical bodily functions, and the action of many of today's pharmaceuticals. The researchers who led the study claimed that "the determination of the protein's structure is expected to speed the discovery of drugs and also broaden the understanding of human health and disease."
Works Cited
Campbell, Neil A, Jane Reece, Martha Taylor, Eric Simon. Biology Concepts and Connections.
Rushton, Lynette. "'Hormones: What Are They and How Do They Work?'." The Endocrine System, Your Body: How It Works. New York:
Chelsea House Publishing, 2004. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. 21 Oct. 2008. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=YBES0002&SingleRecord=True>
"Structure of receptor protein is revealed." Copyright 2007 by United Press International. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. 23 Oct. 2008.
Proteins perform MOST of the functions in the membrane.
Receptor proteins function as receptors for chemical messengers from other cells.
Receptors have specific shapes that fit the shape of a specific messenger.
The binding of the messenger to the protein triggers a chain reaction.
This chain reaction id called Signal Transduction.
Another funtion is to help move substances across the membrane. Ex. glucose and Water.
There are two types of molecular transport:
Passive transport: Where molecules pass through with no energy cost to the cell
Active Transport: When the cell expends energy to move substances across the membrane.
Receptor proteins are embeded in the plasma membrane and signaling molecules, called ligands, can attach to these proteins.
RESEARCH
Scripps Research Institute Raymond Stevens
The new study reveals the structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor (sometimes referred to as the "caffeine receptor"), shedding light on the large and medically important family of G protein-coupled receptors.
"We are developing a robust platform for studying human G protein-coupled receptor structure and function," Raymond Stevens, a Scripps Research scientist and professor. "This work lays a strong foundation for understanding drug-receptor interactions. We expect to continue our work and develop a deep understanding as to how drugs interact with the broader class. The findings—and our future research—could one day lead to the development of a novel class of therapeutics with improved pharmaceutical properties."
WORKS CITED
Jane Reece, Martha Taylor, Eric Simon. Biology Concepts and Connections.
McKeown, Keith. "Scientists Define Structure of Important Neurological Receptor, Establishing a
Platform to Understand G Protein-Coupled Receptors ." __Scripps Research Institute__. 2 Oct. 2008
<http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/100208.html>.
"Transmembrane receptor." __Receptors__. Wikipedia. 22 June 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Transmembrane_receptor>.
Anderson, Gregory J, and David M Frazer. "Iron metabolism meets signal transduction." __Nature__
__Genetics__. 26 Oct. 2007 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nature.com/ng/
journal/v38/n5/images/ng0506-503-F1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v38/n5/fig_tab/
ng0506-503_F1.html&h=371&w=600&sz=33&hl=en&start=19&usg=__q3VGcc4RX2tNIWEvs4o1Pu4t0aM=&tbnid=Ec0EJcbH
mYJLrM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmembrane%2Bprotein%2Breceptors%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>.
Membrane Proteins--Receptors
Tiffini Smith-CFunction
Hormones
RESEARCH
Dr. Anthony S. Fauci, the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and his team discovered that a specific receptor guides the HIV virus to the intestines. There, the virus replicates and destroys the body's lymph tissue. They found that a molecule that normally directs immune cells to the intestine, also is a receptor for HIV. Fauci and his team discovered that a protein on the outer shell of the HIV virus attaches to the receptor molecule identified as integrin alpha-4 beta-7. Dr. Warner C. Green, an AIDS expert at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology in San Francisco, deemed that these findings were "an important advance in the field" because "they begin to shed light on the mysterious process on why the virus preferentially grows in the gut."Researchers at the National Institute of General Medical Sciences have created the first 3D image of the beta2-adrenergic receptor protein. This protein receptor belongs to a family of proteins called G protein-coupled receptors that control several human senses, critical bodily functions, and the action of many of today's pharmaceuticals. The researchers who led the study claimed that "the determination of the protein's structure is expected to speed the discovery of drugs and also broaden the understanding of human health and disease."
Works Cited
Campbell, Neil A, Jane Reece, Martha Taylor, Eric Simon. Biology Concepts and Connections.
San Francisco: Pearson Education Inc, 2006.
"Cell Chain of Command." Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. 21 Oct. 2008. <[[http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=SciIllus02066&SingleRecord=True|http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=SciIllus02066&SingleRecord=True]]>
"New understanding of how HIV works." Copyright 2008 by United Press International. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. 21 Oct.
2008<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin= UPI-20080211-09140500&SingleRecord=True>
“Receptors (biochemistry)” Wikipedia. May 2008. Wikimedia Foundation 21 Oct. 2008. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_protein>
Rushton, Lynette. "'Hormones: What Are They and How Do They Work?'." The Endocrine System, Your Body: How It Works. New York:
Chelsea House Publishing, 2004. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. 21 Oct. 2008. <http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?
ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=YBES0002&SingleRecord=True>
"Structure of receptor protein is revealed." Copyright 2007 by United Press International. Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. 23 Oct. 2008.
<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=UPI-20071030-12512900&SingleRecord=True>
Spencer Duran
Membrane Proteins -- Receptors
E=extracellular space; I=intracellular space; P=Protiens
Proteins perform MOST of the functions in the membrane.
- Receptor proteins function as receptors for chemical messengers from other cells.
- Receptors have specific shapes that fit the shape of a specific messenger.
- The binding of the messenger to the protein triggers a chain reaction.
- This chain reaction id called Signal Transduction.
- Another funtion is to help move substances across the membrane. Ex. glucose and Water.
There are two types of molecular transport:- Passive transport: Where molecules pass through with no energy cost to the cell
- Active Transport: When the cell expends energy to move substances across the membrane.
Receptor proteins are embeded in the plasma membrane and signaling molecules, called ligands, can attach to these proteins.RESEARCH
Scripps Research Institute Raymond Stevens
The new study reveals the structure of the human A2A adenosine receptor (sometimes referred to as the "caffeine receptor"), shedding light on the large and medically important family of G protein-coupled receptors.
"We are developing a robust platform for studying human G protein-coupled receptor structure and function," Raymond Stevens, a Scripps Research scientist and professor. "This work lays a strong foundation for understanding drug-receptor interactions. We expect to continue our work and develop a deep understanding as to how drugs interact with the broader class. The findings—and our future research—could one day lead to the development of a novel class of therapeutics with improved pharmaceutical properties."
WORKS CITED
Jane Reece, Martha Taylor, Eric Simon. Biology Concepts and Connections.
“Receptors (biochemistry)” Wikipedia. May 2008. Wikimedia Foundation 21 Oct. 2008. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_protein>
McKeown, Keith. "Scientists Define Structure of Important Neurological Receptor, Establishing a Platform to Understand G Protein-Coupled Receptors ." __Scripps Research Institute__. 2 Oct. 2008 <http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/100208.html>."Transmembrane receptor." __Receptors__. Wikipedia. 22 June 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Transmembrane_receptor>.Anderson, Gregory J, and David M Frazer. "Iron metabolism meets signal transduction." __Nature__ __Genetics__. 26 Oct. 2007 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nature.com/ng/ journal/v38/n5/images/ng0506-503-F1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v38/n5/fig_tab/ ng0506-503_F1.html&h=371&w=600&sz=33&hl=en&start=19&usg=__q3VGcc4RX2tNIWEvs4o1Pu4t0aM=&tbnid=Ec0EJcbH mYJLrM:&tbnh=83&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dmembrane%2Bprotein%2Breceptors%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den>.